The employment potential of new and emerging industries : with special reference to the environment and community sectors/ Peter Kenyon ...[et. al.]
- Bib ID:
- 2889568
- Format:
- Book
- Description:
-
- Canberra : Australian Govt. Pub. Service, 1996
- xii, 195 p. ; 25 cm.
- ISBN:
- 0644473045
- Series:
- Commissioned report (Australia. National Board of Employment, Education and Training) ; no. 53.
- Summary:
-
The central objective of this study was to provide a detailed analysis of the potential for sustainable and unsubsidied employment in the environment and community services industries, and of the level and duration of government which may be necessary for the environment and community services industries to provide paid employment in the medium to long-term. The potential for unsubsidied employment in these industries depends in part on the extent to which particular activities in the environment and community services sectors display public goods or externality characteristics. A number of case studies which examined organisations in these sectors in detail were used to explore the issues of the effects of the structure of property rights on the scope for market driven economic activity, and thus unsubsidised employment. It was found that there are a large number of interesting experiments developing the structure of property rights and incentive structures, and that often these experiments have led to the transfer of economic activity from the fully government funded sector to the largely self-funding market sector. It follows that often it is not ownership that matters (i.e. public versus private ownership) but rather it is the structure of incentives which is key to the degree of market-based economic activity. A survey questionnaire was administered to approximately 3000 organisations in the environment and community sectors to elicit information about the degree to which the organisations display the key characteristics of 'publicness' - non-rivalry in consumption and non-excludability. These data were then subjected to statistical analysis using factor analysis and regression analysis. The results indicate that the higher the degree of 'publicness' for an organisation, as measured by the factor scores identified from a factor analysis, the lower the level of unsubsidised employment in the organisation. Thus, there is support for the key hypothesis of the study. Interestingly, it was also found that the higher was the concern of the organisation to fulfil social or equity objectives rather than market objectives, the lower the level of unsubsidised employment in the organisation. Two conclusions follow from these results. To the extent that the economic characteristics of an organisation are such that it qualifies as a public good or is characterised by externalities, the scope for unsubsidised, market-based employment is limited, given the current structure of property rights. Society as a whole must decide to trade off social and equity objectives for market objectives if it is to reduce unsubsidised employment in organisations where social and equity objectives are dominant.patterns - *
- Full contents:
-
- 1. Overview
- 1.1. Public and private goods
- 1.2. Employment and private and public goods
- 1.3. Critical definitional problems
- 1.4. Methodology of the study
- 1.5. Outline of the study
- 2. Public goods and private goods: theory
- 2.1. Non-rivalry and non-excludability
- 2.2. Relationship between non-rivalry and non-excludability
- 2.3. Impure public goods
- 2.4. Congestion
- 2.5. The consumption-production dichotomy and the utilisation dimension
- 2.6. Local public goods
- 2.7. Joint supply
- 2.8. Joint demand and option value
- 2.9. Externalities
- 2.10. Employment, public goods and externalities
- 2.11. Equity and social objectives
- 2.12. Conclusion
- 3. Conceptual and definitional issues
- 3.1. Measuring publicness: common approaches
- 3.2. Measuring publicness: the methodology used in this study
- 3.3. What is the 'environment'
- 3.4. Definition of an industry
- 3.5. What is the 'community sector'
- 3.6. Environment and community as economic processes
- 3.7. Conclusion
- 4. Employment in the environment and community sectors
- 4.1. Some measures of employment growth
- 4.2. Will increased environmental regulation lead to more or less employment?
- 4.3. Employment in the community sector
- 4.4. Conclusion
- 5. Case studies
- 5.1. Introduction
- 5.2. Conservation case studies
- 5.3. Ecotourism case studies
- 5.4. Recycling and resource recovery case studies
- 5.5. Labour market program brokers case studies
- 5.6. Resource sharing enterprises case studies
- 6. Survey characteristics
- 6.1. Sample selection
- 6.2. The survey questionnaire
- 6.3. Basic characteristics of the sample
- 6.4. People and employment
- 6.5. Economic aspects of organisations
- 7. Multivariate analysis
- 7.1. Introduction
- 7.2. What is factor analysis?
- 7.3. Seeking the variables
- 7.4. The 'new employment opportunities' factor matrix
- 7.5. Reliability and naming of publicness scale
- 7.6. Regression model
- 8. Conclusion
- 8.1. Property rights and the market mechanism
- 8.2. Community business incubators
- Appendix A. Subdivisions attributed to the environment sector
- Appendix B. Conducting the case studies
- Appendix C. Survey questionnaire
- Appendix D. Survey findings.hich are of T. To the ext
- Notes:
-
- "November 1996"
- Bibliography: p. 183-195
- Subject:
-
- Labor market -- Australia
- New business enterprises -- Australia
- Pollution control industry -- Australia
- Human services -- Australia
- New business enterprises
- Employment forecasting -- Australia
- Industries -- Environmental aspects -- Australia
- Industries -- Social aspects
- Environmental economics
- Public goods
- Other authors/contributors:
- Copyright:
-
In Copyright
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- Reason for copyright status:
- Until 2046 [Created/Published Date + 50 Years]
Copyright status was determined using the following information:
- Material type:
- Literary Dramatic Musical
- Published status:
- Published
- Publication date:
- 1996
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