Smokeless tobacco and some tobacco specific N-Nitrosamines
- Bib ID:
- 4402450
- Format:
- Book
- Author:
- IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Meeting (2004 : Lyon, France)
- Online Version:
- Table of contents
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- Description:
-
- Lyon, France : World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2007
- ix, 626 p. : ill. ; 24 cm.
- Invalid ISBN:
- 9789283212898
- Series:
- IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, 1017-1606 ; v. 89.
- Full contents:
-
- Machine derived contents note: NOTE TO THE READER 1
- LIST OF PARTICIPAN TS 3
- PREA M B LE 7
- 1. Background 9
- 2. Objective and Scope 9
- 3. Selection of Topics for Monographs 10
- 4. D ata for M onographs 11
- 5. The W orking Group 11
- 6. W orking Procedures 11
- 7. Exposure D ata 12
- 8. Studies of Cancer in Humans 14
- 9. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals 17
- 10. Other Data Relevant to an Evaluation of Carcinogenicity
- and its M echanisms 20
- 11. Summary of Data Reported 22
- 12. Evaluation 23
- 13. References 28
- GEN ERAL REM ARK S 33
- TH E M O N O G R A PH S 37
- Sm okeless Tobacco 39
- 1. Description of Smokeless Tobacco Practices 41
- 1.1 Historical overview 41
- 1.1.1 Tobacco chewing 41
- 1.1.2 Snuff taking 43
- 1.1.3 Attitudes and beliefs regarding smokeless tobacco use 46
- 1.2 Manufacture and use of smokeless tobacco products 47
- 1.2.1 O ral use 49
- 1.2.2 N asal use 54
- 1.3 Chemical composition of smokeless tobacco 55
- 1.3.1 General overview 55
- 1.3.2 Carcinogenic compounds in smokeless tobacco 57
- 1.3.3 Smokeless tobacco products 60
- 1.3.4 Kentucky (KY) reference smokeless tobacco products 85
- 1.3.5 Pesticide residues 86
- 1.4 Production, consumption and prevalence of use of smokeless
- tobacco products 86
- 1.4.1 Europe 88
- 1.4.2 North and South America 98
- 1.4.3 South A sia 109
- 1.4 .4 A frica 137
- 1.4.5 Association between smokeless tobacco use and cigarette
- sm oking 144
- 1.4.6 Occupational exposure to unburnt tobacco 154
- 1.5 Regulations 156
- 1.5.1 Framework Convention on Tobacco Control 156
- 1.5.2 Australia and New Zealand 156
- 1.5.3 Europe 157
- 1.5.4 North America 158
- 1.5 .5 A sia 16 1
- 1.5.6 A frica 165
- 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans 166
- 2.1 Introduction 166
- 2.2 Oral use 167
- 2.2.1 Cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx 167
- 2.2.2 Precancerous lesions 191
- 2.2.3 Cancer of the oesophagus 201
- 2.2.4 Cancer of the pancreas 205
- 2.2.5 Cancers at other sites 209
- 2.3 N asal use 229
- 2.3.1 Cancer of the oral cavity 229
- 2.3.2 Cancer of the oesophagus 231
- 2.3.3 Cancer of the paranasal sinus 231
- 2.3.4 Cancer of the larynx 231
- 2.3.5 Cancer of the lung 233
- 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals 233
- 3.1 Tobacco 233
- 3.1.1 Oral adm inistration 233
- 3.1.2 Application to the oral mucosa or cheek pouch 234
- 3.1.3 Skin application 236
- 3.1.4 Other routes of adm inistration 237
- 3.1.5 Skin application with known carcinogens or modifiers 238
- 3.2 Snuff tobacco 239
- 3.2.1 Oral adm inistration 239
- 3.2.2 Application to the oral mucosa or cheek pouch 240
- 3.2.3 Subcutaneous adm inistration 243
- 3.2.4 Administration with known carcinogens or modifiers 244
- 3.3 Bidi tobacco, mishri and naswar 247
- 3.3.1 B idi tobacco 247
- 3.3.2 Mishri 247
- 3.3.3 Naswar 250
- 4. Other Data Relevant to an Evaluation of Carcinogenicity and
- its Mechanisms 251
- 4.1 Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion 251
- 4.1.1 Hum ans 251
- 4.1.2 Experimental systems 267
- 4.2 Toxic effects 272
- 4.2.1 Humans 272
- 4.2.2 Experimental systems 333
- 4.3 Reproductive, developmental and hormonal effects 336
- 4.3.1 Hum ans 336
- 4.3.2 Experim ental system s 338
- 4.4 Genetic and related effects 341
- 4.4.1 Hum ans 341
- 4.4.2 Experimental systems 359
- 4.5 M echanistic considerations 362
- 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation 363
- 5.1 Exposure data 363
- 5.2 Human carcinogenicity data 363
- 5.3 Anim al carcinogenicity data 366
- 5.4 Other relevant data 367
- 5.5 Evaluation 370
- 6. R eferences 370
- Some Tobacco-specific N-Nitrosamines 419
- 1. Exposure Data 421
- 1.1 Chemical and physical data (by compound) 421
- 1.2 Technical products and impurities, analysis, production and use 426
- 1.2.1 Technical products and impurities 426
- 1.2.2 Analysis 426
- 1.2.3 Production 427
- 1.2.4 U se 427
- 1.3 Occurrence 427
- 1.3.1 Fresh tobacco 429
- 1.3.2 Cured tobacco 429
- 1.3.3 Cigarette tobacco 431
- 1.3.4 Mainstream cigarette smoke 436
- 1.3.5 Sidestream cigarette smoke 442
- 1.3.6 Other sm oked tobacco products 442
- 1.3.7 Secondhand tobacco smoke 444
- 1.3.8 Smokeless tobacco products 444
- 1.4 Biomonitoring in saliva, urine and other tissues 451
- 1.4.1 4-(Methylnitrosamino)- 1-(3-pyridyl)- 1-butanone (NNK) and
- its metabolites 451
- 1.4.2 N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) 455
- 1.4.3 N-Nitrosoanabasine (NAB) 456
- 1.4.4 N-Nitrosoanatabine (NAT) 456
- 2. Studies of Cancer in Hum ans 457
- 3. Studies of Cancer in Experimental Animals 457
- 3.1 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) 457
- 3.1.1 Intraperitoneal administration 457
- 3.1.2 Intravesicular administration 460
- 3.1.3 Administration in the drinking-water 460
- 3.1.4 Oral cavity swabbing 461
- 3.1.5 Cheek pouch application 461
- 3.1.6 Subcutaneous administration 461
- 3.1.7 Transplacental or neonatal exposure 464
- 3.1.8 Administration with known carcinogens or modifying factors 467
- 3.1.9 Carcinogenicity of NNK metabolites 468
- 3.2 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-l-butanol (NNAL) 468
- 3.2.1 Intraperitoneal administration 469
- 3.2.2 Administration in the drinking-water 470
- 3.2.3 Administration with known carcinogens or modifying factors 470
- 3.3 N -Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) 471
- 3.3.1 Intraperitoneal administration 471
- 3.3.2 Skin application 473
- 3.3.3 Oral adm inistration 473
- 3.3.4 Cheek pouch application 474
- 3.3.5 Subcutaneous administration 475
- 3.3.6 Administration with known carcinogens or modifying factors 476
- 3.3.7 Carcinogenicity of NNN metabolites 477
- 3.4 N -Nitrosoanabasine (NAB) 478
- 3.4.1 Intraperitoneal administration 478
- 3.4.2 Administration in the drinking-water 479
- 3.4.3 Subcutaneous administration 479
- 3.5 N -Nitrosoanatabine (NAT) 479
- 4. Other Data Relevant to an Evaluation of Carcinogenicity and
- its M echanism 480
- 4.1 Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion 480
- 4 .1.1 H um an s 4 80
- 4.1.2 Experim ental system s 502
- 4.2 Toxic effects 530
- 4.2.1 H um ans 530
- 4.2.2 Experimental systems 531
- 4.3 Reproductive and developmental effects 531
- 4.4 Genetic and related effects 532
- 4.4.1 H um ans 532
- 4.4.2 Experim ental system s 532
- 4.5 M echanistic considerations 543
- 4.5.1 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)- -butanone (NNK) 543
- 4.5.2 NV-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) 548
- 5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation 548
- 5.1 Exposure data 548
- 5.2 Human carcinogenicity data 549
- 5.3 Animal carcinogenicity data 549
- 5.4 Other relevant data 551
- 5.5 Evaluation 553
- 6. References 553
- GLO SSA RY 585
- LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 589
- CUMULATIVE INDEX TO THE MONOGRAPHS SERIES 593.
- Notes:
-
- "This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 5-12 October 2004."
- Cumulative cross index to IARC monographs (p. 593-626).
- Includes bibliographical references.
- Sub-series Of:
- IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 0250-9555
- Subject:
- Other authors/contributors:
- Copyright:
-
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- Reason for copyright status:
- Until 2077 [Created/Published Date + 70 Years]
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- Material type:
- Literary Dramatic Musical
- Published status:
- Published
- Publication date:
- 2007
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