Tsunami : the underrated hazard - Bryant, Edward, 1948- (Berlin, Germany : Springer ; Chichester, England : Praxis, 2008)
Machine derived contents note: PART I Tsunami as a known hazard 1 -- I Introduction 3 -- Introduction 3 -- F ive stories 4 -- 1 An Aboriginal legend 4 -- 2 The Kwenaitchechat Legend, Pacific Northwest 5 -- 3 Krakatau, August 27, 1883 6 -- 4 Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland, November 18, 1929 7 -- 5 Papua New Guinea, July 17, 1998 9 -- Scientific fact or legends? 10 -- Causes of tsunami 12 -- Distribution and fatalities 14 -- M editerranean Sea 15 -- Caribbean Sea 15 -- Pacific Ocean Region (including Indonesia) 16 -- New Zealand and Australia 22 -- Bays, fjords, inland seas, and lakes. 23 -- Meteorological phenomena, freak waves, and storm surges 24 -- 2 Tsunami dynamics 27 -- Introduction 27 -- Tsunami characteristics 27 -- Tsunami wave theory 31 -- Resonance 36 -- Shallow-water, long-wave theory 37 -- Run-up and inundation 40 -- Run-up 40 -- Inland penetration 45 -- Depth and velocity at shore. 46 -- PART II Tsunami-formed landscapes 49 -- 3 Signatures of tsunami in the coastal landscape 51 -- Introduction 51 -- Depositional signatures of tsunami 53 -- Buried sand or anomalous sediment layers 53 -- Foraminifera and diatoms 57 -- Boulder floaters in sand 59 -- Dump deposits 60 -- Mounds and ridges 63 -- Chevrons and dune bedforms 65 -- Sm ear deposits 67 -- Large boulders and piles of imbricated boulders 68 -- Turbidites 75 -- Erosional signatures of tsunami 77 -- Small-scale features 77 -- Large-scale features 83 -- Flow dynamics 86 -- 4 Coastal landscape evolution 91 -- Introduction 91 -- Catastrophism vs. uniformitarianism 91 -- Tsunami vs. storms 94 -- The nature of tsunami vs. storm deposits 95 -- Movement of boulders 96 -- Types of coastal landscapes created by tsunami 98 -- Sandy barrier coasts 98 -- Deltas and alluvial plains 101 -- Rocky coasts 103 -- Atolls 104 -- Examples of tsunami-generated landscapes: Australia 106 -- South coast of New South Wales 106 -- Cairns Coast, Northeast Queensland 109 -- Northwest West Australia 112 -- Other examples of tsunami-generated landscapes 115 -- Grand Cayman 115 -- Bahamas 117 -- Chilean coast 119 -- PART III Causes of tsunami 125 -- 5 Earthquake-generated tsunami 127 -- Introduction 127 -- Seism ic waves 127 -- Magnitude scales for earthquakes and tsunami 129 -- Earthquake magnitude scales 129 -- Tsunami earthquakes 130 -- Tsunami magnitude scales 132 -- Seismic gaps and tsunami occurrence 134 -- Relationships between earthquakes and tsunami 135 -- How earthquakes generate tsunami 135 -- Linking tsunami run-up to earthquake magnitude 139 -- Large historical tsunamigenic earthquakes 140 -- Lisbon, November 1, 1755 140 -- Chile, May 22, 1960 143 -- Alaska, March 27, 1964 149 -- Events of the 1990s 154 -- Slow Nicaraguan tsunami earthquake of September 2, 1992. 156 -- Flores, December 12, 1992 158 -- The Hokkaido Nansei-Oki tsunami of July 12, 1993 160 -- Papua New Guinea, July 17, 1998 163 -- The Indian Ocean tsunami, December 26, 2004 167 -- 6 Great landslides 179 -- Introduction 179 -- Causes of submarine landslides 181 -- How submarine landslides generate tsunami 184 -- Historical tsunami attributable to landslides 186 -- The Lituya Bay landslide of July 9, 1958 187 -- Grand Banks tsunami, November 18, 1929 189 -- Geological events 193 -- Hawaiian landslides 193 -- The Canary Islands 196 -- The Storegga slide of 7950 Bp 198 -- Bristol Channel, U.K., January 30, 1607 205 -- The risk in the world's oceans 213 -- Other volcanic islands 213 -- Other topography 215 -- 7 Volcanic eruptions 217 -- Introduction 217 -- Causes of volcano-induced tsunami 217 -- Krakatau, August 26-27, 1883 222 -- Santorini, around 1470 ac 225 -- 8 Comets and asteroids 231 -- Introduction 231 -- Near Earth objects (NEOs) 231 -- W hat are they? 231 -- How frequent have comet and asteroid impacts been? 234 -- How do extraterrestrial objects generate tsunami? 236 -- Mechanisms for generating tsunami. 236 -- Size of tsunami 238 -- Geological events 245 -- Hypothesized frequency 245 -- Chicxulub, the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) extinction event 247 -- Other events 251 -- Deluge Comet impact event 8,200 ł 200 years ago 251 -- The Mahuika Comet impact event and eastern Australia 253 -- Geological evidence for mega-tsunami 254 -- Maori legends supporting a cosmogenic event 257 -- Aboriginal legends supporting a cosmogenic event 258 -- Timing of Mahuika 260 -- Events in the Kimberley, Western Australia 263 -- Legends supporting cosmogenic tsunami 263 -- Field evidence 266 -- A -- PART IV Modern risk of tsunami 271 -- 9 Risk and avoidance 273 -- Inltrduction 273 -- \VWhat locations along a coast are at risk from tsunami? 277 -- \Varning systems 280 -- The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center 280 -- Flaws in regional warning systems 285 -- Localized tsunami warning systems 286 -- Ho\\ !ong have you got? .9 290 -- \Vhere should you go if there is a tsunami warning'? 291 -- What if it is an asteroid or comet'? 294 -- Is it all that bad? The case of Sydney 295.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [309]-324) and index.
Keywords: Tsunamis